Effective Test Taking Strategies For Students

Systems For Test Success Collegians may feel horrible when teachers test their presentation yet it is important. For quite a long time, understudies get tested through various methods during their training. The explanation numerous understudies figure out how to breeze through tests is they realize assessment taking systems. However some have the nerve to rest or hesitate. People with excellent grades are not quickly con artists since they breeze through tests. They may be key with regards to examining. Similarly, its conceivable that they do things that are positive when they are not in school. In the event that an individual can generally plan well for test day, the person in question can unwind and invest energy accomplishing something different. What are Some Test Taking Tips To Ensure You are Ready and Feel Good? Cramming ordinarily brings about bombing tests. As a result of it, a psychological barrier may happen, and an individual may overlook significant things. By getting ready to succeed, you can build the odds of accomplishing better evaluations. To be prepared, make a move previously, during and after the tests utilizing some test taking tips. Why and How To Prepare Before test day? Arranging implies attempting to get prepared. Availability can permit you to be quiet during testing circumstances. Having a reasonable psyche can help with seeing, comprehension, and reacting to assignments. In spite of the fact that getting everything set is tedious, its justified, despite all the trouble. To equip yourself, there should be propelled considering. Skim through the books and surveys a great deal to grasp and retain ideas ahead. Keep doing this weeks or days before taking a test to have more opportunity to rest, study, and appreciate. Make a lodging sheet to have something to use before going to class. It will be simple for you to survey the notes. You could utilize memory aides and acrostics. It may be useful to have alternate way words for protracted thoughts as well. Working on responding to questions can support a great deal. It may let you have a brief look at the worry during test taking and adapt better later on. In addition, testing yourself can help in growing more systems for test achievement. What To Do During An Exam? Above all else, keep study notes and take out all the basic materials for test-taking. Whenever allowed, have a water bottle close by for hydration. Realize that cheating in school isn't a choice. Unwinding is significant. Do breathing activities varying. When youre quiet, you can maintain a strategic distance from test uneasiness. Be that as it may, it doesnt imply that being pompous is worthy. Accomplishing tranquility is sufficient. It is critical to be cautious when perusing the guidelines. Flip the pages of a test booklet to likewise get a thought of what deterrents there are to survived. Gauge to what extent it would take to complete the test segments and plan on which zones to take on first. Utilize all the test techniques that you know. In the wake of addressing questions and satisfying different prerequisites, it is indispensable to survey your answer sheet. Be aware of the time while investigating. What To Do After the Exam? Regardless of whether the following tests are coming or not, you should rest after a test. Protection of wellbeing is significant, and there is no sense in compelling yourself to an extreme. Looking for remuneration for accomplishing difficult work is ordinary and empowering. By giving yourself a prize, you can program the mind to improve by putting forth an attempt. Hours in the wake of taking a test, you may concentrate once more. In the event that conceivable, it is perfect to get some rest first and afterward seek after concentrating later. Other than dedicating time to sustenance, cleanliness, and socialization are vital as well. When rested, review what occurred during the test and build up your own tips for testing as well. What are Effective Test Taking Strategies for Various Exams? Teachers challenge understudies with an assortment of assignments. Yet, you don’t must be a virtuoso to pass genuine tests that you can face to subsequent to picking the college. By utilizing testing tips, you may pick right answers by karma, information, and aptitudes. How to Handle Multiple Choice Questions? Realizing how to answer ought to be first on the rundown. It pays to realize whether to circle or darken letters or numbers before continuing. Not adhering to the guidelines can likewise cost you focuses or in any event, causing you to bomb the whole test. Perusing an inquiry can explain things. It is basic you comprehend the setting before doing whatever else. Dispose of the decisions that you know are off base. In stepping through an examination with alternatives to look over, the disposal procedure is useful. Tips for Answering Standardized Tests? Take a note of the directions before continuing to check the appropriate responses. Be enthused about the subtleties. Truth be told, check if a poll has issues as well. All things considered, in light of the misprints, inconveniences may emerge. Sweep everything before starting to reply. Know the segments in a test. A controlled test may be basic just as convoluted with various styles of testing. They are thorough, and it’s vital to evaluate to what extent it will take to wrap up. Specialists state that going for the most effortless things is advantageous. This procedure can diminish the time required to finish everything. What's more, there will be more opportunity to harp on hard areas in the wake of finishing the most straightforward ones. How to Approach True-False Questions? Things that request valid or bogus as the appropriate responses are dubious and need cautious perusing. Frequently the length alone can direct its honesty. Besides, it is anything but difficult to dismember a sentence into parts. Planning time is significant when reacting to these test things. They frequently require a significant stretch of time to react to on the grounds that they need a careful investigation. For this, tally what number of inquiries there are, and afterward continue by taking them each in turn. There are sure words that may confound and cause worry during test taking. To maintain a strategic distance from disarray, it is perfect to spot qualifiers and negatives immediately. They may influence the announcements and affirm or oppose deception. Prior to settling on a choice to reply, one should know the whole significance of a sentence. Some Effective Test Taking Strategies for Opinion-based (Subjective) Tests? An analyst will in all likelihood give high evaluations just to understudies who can react well. This implies offering an input about something with supporting thoughts. Truth be told, strong data for sponsorship is fundamental as it can reinforce a contention when you get directly down to it. When composing an article to answer to an inquiry, sort out considerations to fabricate passages well. A review ought to have three segments, which are the presentation, body, and completion. This is one of the test systems that can make consummation quick. Before submitting, it would help to address any spelling and accentuation blunders. What's more, ensure that every one of your sentences bode well as well. Analyzers consider these things during assessment so it pays to be exhaustive. How to Finish Essay Exams Well? Instructors quite often expect an elegantly composed exposition from their group. Likewise, reaching a scholarly composing administration isnt a possibility for a test you join in. In any case, the truth shouldnt overwhelm you. Remember that test tension can just motivation inconveniences. Observing the guidelines and remaining sure is significantly more gainful. Prior to composing an exposition, arranging is vital. It is positive to anticipate how to start and work on arriving at the final product. Work on making the start, primary body, and end. In any case, fuse proof to help the three segments, which is one of the best exposition composing and test taking aptitudes. Having a structure as a primary concern can control you into creating a fine review. Dont take too long to even think about composing the whole article and check for language structure issues. Discover botches and right them. Respite on the off chance that you have to and take full breaths to recoup and prop your psyche and body up. There are numerous tests just as an incredible assortment of procedures to conquer them. However, to winding up doing incredible when tested, exertion is essential. Indeed, even the inspectors state that fruitful testing includes key arranging and execution. Fully expecting a test, planning is an unquestionable requirement. Also, there are different designs for taking care of various test styles. Objective and abstract tests may set aside some effort to finish. Having the correct reactions is trying too. Be that as it may, be cautious by focusing on all the subtleties can help the probability of achievement. In this manner, think of various test taking procedures for understudies. Through these tips, you can have a superior school life by having significant serenity and more opportunity to appreciate by and large.

A Comparison of Two Versions of The Big Sleep Essay -- Big Sleep Essay

A Comparison of Two Versions of The Big Sleep The Production Code endeavored to control sex and savagery in film of the 1930's and 40's. Rather than debilitating, it urged chiefs to utilize imaginative thoughts and respectability to outperform the watchers' desires - effectively including them in the film in spite of Hollywood's control. Howard Hawks is one such chief who utilized the limitations of the Production Code furthering his potential benefit. His screen adjustment of the Raymond Chandler epic The Big Sleep depicts a similar measure of sexuality and savagery clear in the composed word, utilizing an unmistakably inconspicuous style, which creates more extensive topics. Correlations with the very dull 70's change by Michael Winner further recommend the prevalence of Hawks' film noir. While Hawks amazingly makes a unique universe of sexuality and anticipation, Winner fruitlessly centers around fierce and sexual pictures in a vain endeavor at filmmaking. There isn't a hint of bareness in Hawks' The Big Sleep, yet it blossoms with sex. The watcher won't get a brief look at a butt cheek, areola nor an entire bosom. This shortage of skin is ascribed to the magnificent screenplay journalists Leigh Brackett, William Faulkner and Jules Furthman. They delineate a beguiling Marlowe, played by Humphrey Bogart, collaborating with different lively femmes displaying allusion that splendidly lights up the screen. Marlowe and the Acme Bookstore representative play with a style even the slyest watcher would envy. The academic enchantress flashes her excellent eyes at him saying, You start to intrigue me, ambiguously. Bogie's reaction - I'm a private dick on a case. With an uproarious, turbulent applaud of thunder, the crowd sits straight up, envisioning the steamy dirty tricks to ... ...blood streams down their appearances. There is no attachment between the passing scenes; Eddie Mars doesn't kick the bucket in this variant, so there is no development or articulation made. At a first look, clearly the two movies, with 32 years between them, are very extraordinary in style and subject. Regardless of when the film is seen, Howard Hawks' film connects with the crowd introducing fascinating subjects with regards to a smooth, elaborate design. His variant may contain a constrained measure of uncovered skin and viciousness, yet demonstrates that these considerations are superfluous if the movie has voice and course. To Winner, there is no course or voice. He makes an empty shell of a film separating Chandler's definite scenes, outfitting the nakedness and savagery rather than the more profound topics that hang out in Hawks'. Works Consulted: Chandler, Raymond. The Big Sleep. New York: Random House, 1939.

When to Begin Studying for Final Exams

When to Begin Studying for Final Exams After Thanksgiving break, final exams feel so near. For many students, especially freshmen taking their first round of final exams, it is hard to determine when to begin studying. The first thing to consider is how much studying you will actually have. Unlike high school, not every college course has a final exam. Many classes have other types of finals, such as papers, projects, or presentations. That being said, you may only have one or two actual, in-class examinations. If you have quite a few exams, you will want to begin studying as early as possible. If you only have one or two, you may have more flexibility on your study timeline. The second thing to consider is when the final examinations fall during finals week. If you begin to prepare too far in advance, you run the risk of forgetting the material by the time the exam rolls around. If you study too late, you will be cramming, and science tells us that cramming does not work. Last but not least, it is important to consider your own study habits, and what makes you a successful test taker. The first round of final examinations for any student is really about learning how you study best and using those strengths to succeed. Personally, I learn best when I use flashcards and write out definitions by hand. Rather than memorization, I focus on comprehension. It all comes down to what tools you can use to get the best grade possible. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

The Reason For A Case Management Approach - 3279 Words

Overview Nicholas is a72 year old male, who has been referred to me at Communify, a community organization which provides services and activities to enhance quality of life to both individuals and families (Communify, 2014). Nicholas’ quality of life is diminishing, and has reported issues such as loneliness, depression and dementia, which has caused severe mood swings, difficulty in personal care, incontinence, forgetfulness, confusion, leg weakness and loss of mobility. These issues are in fact, all symptoms of vascular dementia – a condition which Nicholas has been diagnosed (Alzheimer’s Society, 2014). Nicholas has also been diagnosed with a progressive heard problem, to which he has recently had surgery. My role as his case manager,†¦show more content†¦There are several critical steps: 1. Intake, 2. Psychological, social and medical assessment, 3. Goal setting, both short term and long term, 4. Intervention planning and resource identification, 5. Linking clients to formal and informal agencies, 6. Monitoring / Reassessment and 7. Evaluation and Critique. These 7 steps will be discussed for Nicholas’ intervention. Initial Contact After his heart surgery and initial assessment, Nicholas received support from the visiting nurses, meals on wheels and a home visitor. Following a conversation with her siblings, Katherine requested a reassessment, this time from the Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT). This resulted in a visit from an occupational therapist and social worker to assess Nicholas’ condition. This is classified as a formal referral from an outside organisation. In terms of access, Nicholas and Katherine accessed Communify through the help of a third party. In this case, ACAT was the assisting third party for Nicholas and Katherine. It is important to note that Nicholas is a voluntary client, however is an intelligent and articulate man who has clear personal views and needs that need to be respected, such as: ï‚ § His need to remain in his own home, ï‚ § The struggle with being dependant and ï‚ § His longing for companionship from others from his native country As a social worker, it is important to empower Nicholas to

Positive And Negative Aspects Of Standardized Test And...

Education is an ever-growing and ever-changing system with in our government. We have seen education rise as major issue in the political arena. Often becoming the deciding factor in many political elections. As the growing consciousness of the importance of education continues to grow we see with it lobbying and advocacy in favor and against many political reform issues in the area of education. For this reason, we have seen many drastic changes in education. This essay will explore two ideas that have received much attention in education. This essay will explain the positive and negative aspects of Standardized Test and School Choice, as well as possible changes that can be made to improve each. Standardized Testing: to Test or not to Test That is the Question The primary goal of standardized test is to analyze if instruction has meet its desired goal. This means that assessments should not be an issue of concern but instead a way to understand what a learner is learning. It makes sense that any parent, teacher, or concerned citizen want to know what knowledge a student is gaining. Test are also administered for a variety of reasons and there results also serve a plethora of reasons: gathering data of student growth, the worth of the instruction provided, to modify instruction, to determine what need to be taught and for a variety of other reasons (5). Standardized tests are often administered to hold teacher accountable for the growth of there students and to insureShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing Is The Most Common Form Of Testing707 Words   |  3 PagesStandardized Testing MSA, PARCC, HSA, ACT, and the most commonly known is the SAT. They all are forms of standardized test given to students at one point of their school career. These tests are given to students to supposedly test their knowledge. Some people say it s an effective way to see how smart you are others say how can you know how smart someone is by a test that only consist of two subjects math and English. A standardized test is any form of test that (1) requires all test takers toRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Defined By Standardized Test Definition1083 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing is defined by Standardized Test Definition as, â€Å"any form of test that (1) requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from common bank of questions, in the same way, and that (2) is scored in a ‘standard’ or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of students.† This formality of testing was introduced in 1845 by educational pioneer, Horace Mann. Mann’s vision for theseRead MoreStandardized Tests Should Not Be Mandatory994 Words   |  4 Pageseducation system is not as effective as it should be. Standardized tests were first used in china to test the skill of citizen’s when they joined the military. In United States it had been around for mor e than fifty years. It is given to students from P-K level to high school and also in many career entrances after college. Standardized test have more negative aspects to students, teachers and families than there positive aspects. Standardized test should not be mandatory for students to take for gettingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1511 Words   |  7 Pagessystem has faced various controversial issues, but the most recent one making a negative impact on students, is standardized testing. Standardized testing is a type of testing used to evaluate students academic abilities . It is a way to measure if standards are being met but does not provide a variation in the type of administration based on the students needs (Sacks, 2000). In other words, all children are provided these test to track their learning progress based on their grade level. Some believe thisRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdownsides to standardized testi ng there are still viable reasons why they are still being used today. One of the main reasons includes the easy and quick access of testing students. Standardized testing allows schools to quickly access a large amount of students at one time. This is also one of the cheapest ways to tests such a large crowd due to machinery that grades which results in low tests costs for students. These tests also help by setting a national curriculum for all high school teachers toRead More The Debate Over Standardized Testing Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents sit perched over their desks in the process of taking standardized tests. As the students take the tests, teachers pace nervously up and down the rows of their classroom, hoping and praying that their students can recall the information which they have presented. Some children sit relaxed at their desks, calmly filling in the bubbles and answering essay questions. These children are well prepared and equipped to handle their tests. Other children, however, sit hunched over their desks, ponderingRead MoreStandardized Testing : Damaging Our Education System1600 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized Testing: Damaging Our Education System Education is a prominent part of American society. Americans become educated because they want to be more knowledgeable, learn specialized skills, or explore and discover different fields of interest. Recently, high school has shown to be an environment where students are taught solely for the test, rather than for the traditional reasons. Standardized tests have come to dictate student’s fate. This has illustrated the increasingly ridged natureRead MoreFederal Regulation Over National Curriculum And Testing Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagespush by the federal government for nationally accepted curriculum and standardized testing. While there is no official national curriculum in the United States, there are federal programs that have been nationally accepted, by more than forty states. One of these programs includes the Common Core State Standards Initiative. According to their website, â€Å"the standards were created to ensure that all students graduate from high school with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in college, careerRead MoreThe Role Of State Standards On The Classroom1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of state standards is to guides all teachers, all schools, and all publishers to the right content material for each core subject that state deems important. The purpose of standards tells educators what a student should know and what students should be able to do. 2. Discuss the statement at the beginning of the chapter about Sheltered Instruction strategies â€Å"†¦these strategies are not ‘remedial’ in nature and do not dilute’ or ‘water down’ instruction. What is the importance of this statementRead MoreEssay on Personal Statement962 Words   |  4 PagesThe choices we make early in life have an enormous impact on our future. I have always known that I wanted to directly impact people’s lives. My personal experiences have had a large impact on my motivation to accomplish all my dreams. In the future, I would love to influence another generation of students to soar for their dreams. Throughout school, I suffered from test anxiety. Taking standardized tests always stressed me out and I would perform much lower than my grades suggested I was capable

Musical Theatre †Fiction Assignment Free Essays

Andrea drives a car through busy New York traffic (‘A Good Start of the Day’) and receives a phone call from Miranda who orders her to get her car from auto care, her dog from a vet, and bring them to Miranda’s house. When Andrea comes to report to Miranda that everything has been done, her boss tells her that she was supposed to bring the car and the god to the office instead of Miranda’s house. She tells her assistant that everything should be by the door of her office in 15 minutes (‘15 Minutes’). We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Theatre – Fiction Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The atmosphere in the headquarters of ‘Runway’ is tense and almost hysterical (‘The World of Fashion’). When Andrea fulfills these directions, they leave for a preliminary show of the latest collection of a prominent designer (‘Behind the Scenes’). Andrea proves to be more qualified than Emily, and Miranda decides to take Andrea on an important business trip to Paris — the fact that deeply offends and disappoints Emily (‘Paris, Je T’aime Moi Non Plus’). When Andrea comes home that night, she realizes that she forgot about her boyfriend’s birthday (‘This Not-so-special Day’), and their relationship teeters at the lip of abyss. Act 2 Miranda and Emily arrive to Paris; they attend top-notch fashion shows and receptions (‘Eurostar’). Andrea occasionally meets Christian whom she knows from New York, and the romantic atmosphere of Paris makes her spend a night with him. However, in the morning she realizes that she made a mistake and finds herself missing Nate (‘Charms Are Frail’). On board of the plane that carries her back to New York, Andrea reconsiders her lifestyle and values (‘Home Again’). She is unhappy to return to her busy workplace (‘The World of Fashion: Reprise’). She decides to quit her job and strike a better balance between her professional and private life. Before leaving, she presents all the designer clothes to Emily (‘These Little Pieces of Fabric’) and in this way denounces the importance of looks and fashion. The musical ends with a scene of Andrea reunion with Nate (‘Being True to Yourself’). Character List Andrea Sachs: She is a young graduate from Midwest who has just moved to New York to look for a job at a magazine or newspaper. At the beginning, she is confident of her abilities, yet she is easily confused by vibrant New York life and tough approach of her new boss. Miranda Priestley: She is a powerful and authoritarian editor of the ‘Runway’ magazine. She has connections both in the press world and in the world of fashion; however, she often demonstrates her power by maltreating her subordinates. Emily: She used to be the first assistant to Miranda before the arrival of Andrea who proved to be more competent and was promoted to Emily’s position. Nigel: He is the art director of ‘Runway’ who often advices Andrea on how to dress with taste and deal with Miranda’s whims. Nate: He is Andrea’s boyfriend who suffers from lack of attention and condemns her girlfriend paying too much attention to her job and her looks. Christian: He is a magazine writer who fancies Andrea and eventually seduces her into a romantic adventure in Paris. Chorus: Chorus, together with Nigel, performs ‘The World of Fashion’ song and serves the purpose of conveying the atmosphere of fashion industry characterized by (quoting ‘Sunset Boulevard’ musical) ‘whispered conversations in overcrowded hallways.’ Song List Act 1 A Good Start of the Day (upbeat) 15 Minutes (upbeat) The World of Fashion (dance) Behind the Scenes (upbeat) Paris, Je T’aime Moi Non Plus (ballad) This Not-so-special Day (ballad) Act 2 Eurostar (upbeat) Charms Are Frail (ballad) Home Again (ballad) The World of Fashion: Reprise (dance) These Little Pieces of Fabric (upbeat) Being True to Yourself (ballad) Spectacle There are three different set: headquarters of the ‘Runway’ magazine, Andrea and Nate’s apartment, and Paris. The first set features the use of bright lights, crowd, hallstands, and various posters from fashion shows. The second set should convey the calm and comfortable atmosphere of New York middle-class couple. The third set features some of the landmarks of Paris (e.g. Eiffel Tower) and creates the atmosphere of excess, lush, and festivity. Almost all costumes used in the musical should be expensive and fashionable designer clothes; the only character that wears casual clothes in Nate. No special effects are used, but the song ‘The World of Fashion’ is accompanied by a ballet. The theme of the musical is the balance between professional and public life and hard choices people have to make. It also deals with the ability to stay honest and kindhearted under the pressure from inhibiting circumstances. How to cite Musical Theatre – Fiction Assignment, Essay examples

My Genome, My Self free essay sample

This is a new technology and provides many risks if it is made available for public use because of the fact that all the loose ends havent been tied up yet. Pinker analyzes how much our traits and health are dependent on our genetic make-up. Is this information developed enough to use in hospitals, or by anyone else who sees it fit? Pinker believes there is still a long way to go when it comes to Genome research. In My Genome, My Self, Pinker examines what benefits that the study of genomes will actually bring. He questions how much this study will actually help because although it is an interesting issue and tells us alot about our make up, what benefit will that bring for our society? He allows his own genome to be sequenced and published for all to see as part of the Personal Genome Project. Pinker acknowledges that the personal sequence was correct about obvious things about himself but didnt prove so accurate when it came to other aspects of his health. We will write a custom essay sample on My Genome, My Self or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pinker asserts the idea that genome technology and development is crucial and important for the future and allows us to learn alot about DNA but it doesnt necessarily change anything right now at the state it is in. It could lead to it in the future but as of now the information and usage should be limited to research purposes only. More regulations would be needed as Pinker implies because the information becomes susceptible to abuse from places like insurance companies who can use it to pick and choose the most risk free customers. Throughout the essay, Pinker goes in depth into what a genome sequence can predict and what traits depend mostly on enviroment. He makes it clear that there is a distinction between the two and one shouldnt expect to have or develop every single trait presented by the sequence because there are many other factors which lessen or heighten an individuals chances of having a certain trait. He confirms the idea that most genetic tests only provide a limited amount of information without taking lifestyle and enviromental factors into consideration. Pinker doesnt believe that the Genome testing available now should be used because it mostly tells us things that we could have easily tested in a more simple way. Some things just dont need to be researched so intensely, if you want to know if youre good at math, take a math test. After reading Pinkers essay multiple times and trying to relate it to my own life, I find that I disagree and agree with him on different occasions. While I do agree that this technology is still developing and has not yet reached its full potential, I still think that it should be published for people to see and observe. We can draw our own conclusions to the genome testing done and use them how we please for the time being. As it becomes more sophisticated we will as a result learn more about ourselves and why we have certain traits that others may not possess. And then again, the study provides you with the chances that you will develop a certain trait or characteristic, it doesnt tell you whether or not you will for sure have them. From this I understood that the study will tell you what you are at risk for but fails to tell you how your enviroment and lifestyle affects these risks. Nonetheless, the fact that people will have a better understanding at the diseases and health risks they may have could as a result make them more conscious about the lifestyle decisions they make so that they lead a more healty life. But if we are completely in the dark about these things then we dont really think about them. Out of sight, out of mind if the risk isnt presented to us, we dont really care to make plans to prevent them until we see it having an affect on us. One thing i really agree with Pinker on is his claim about how simple traits and characteristics do not need genetic testing to be seen or proven. If you want to know if someone is flexible, good at math, fast, or has good eye-sight, you can simply test them on that characteristic and see. It doesnt have to be so complicated. Although with improvements in genetic testing I feel that the reason why we are good at certain things, can be explained. Although my opinions on the whole genome issue are debatable I can see where Pinker may have some disagreements. As I have mentioned, I feel like it would be a good idea to publish information about personal genomes and make it accesible to the public. But Pinker believes that it should be restricted information for now and used for research pruposes only. Ofcourse he does allow his own genome to be published with 100,000 others in the Personal Genome Project, he feels it is just so that people can see what the technology can do for now. But he doesnt think the ablility to analyze someones DNA should be given to everyone. Like the early days of the internet, the dawn of personal genomics promises benefits and pitfalls that no one can foresee(137). He thinks that the use of personal genomics will be for things that can be determined without all this technology. He sees people becoming too reliant on the information and not using their own common sense to see what traits they do or dont possess. Also, Pinker doesnt believe that the test is all that accurate because of his own experiences with it. Even though it only presented him with the chances of developing a certain trait, he still believes it was way off in determining his actual risks. In response to Pinkers doubts about genomic testing, I would say that the information we do have now is still very compelling and could be utilized to help individuals in special ways that fit them personally. What is the harm of knowing that you are more at risk for a certain disease, even though you dont have it? The purpose of genome testing is not to only tell you what you are, but also what you could be. I personally know that I would take my lifestyle into account alot more if I knew what I was at risk for more than others. After reading through all of Pinkers essay, I have come to my own conclusion that there are definitely very clear pros and cons of this research. If we knew what we were at risk for, we could take special precautions to avoid those risks. However, I agree with Pinker that this information is not developed enough to be used in hospitals or clinics. In the future it would be an amazing development to see customized medicine for patients based on their genome sequence because there would be no more trial and error when testing out products. We are still years from that but the information available now is still very useful for us to know now. Ofcourse, not to be taken too seriously because genome testing is definitley not the only way to determine what traits we possess. Works Cited DiSalvo, David, Steven Pinker on the Genome and Self Discovery. NeuroNarrative, January 10. 2009. Web. Mary, Genomes Are Us. Personal Genomics. 25 March. 2011. Web Pinker, Steven, My Genome, My Self. New York Times, 7 January. 2009. Web. Science In Society, My Genome, My Self. NorthWestern Unversity, 26 January. 2009. Web

Money Can Buy Happiness The Question of Choice in Dreiser’s “The Second Choice” free essay sample

The United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was undergoing a drastic change. A war between its states had just concluded, enslaved people were granted freedom, immigrants from all over the world flocked to the country, and a bitter divide between rich and poor was beginning to form. The literature followed the same trajectory of the country and, as does most literature, became a mirror of the happenings across gender, race, and class. Many telling insights about the new construct of country post-Civil War could be found within these works. One such insight about the United States concerned the relationship between women and choice. During this new chapter of American history, women were making their voices known. Writers like Margaret Fuller, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman were some of the most prominent female writers during this time and were large contributors to this new wave of literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Money Can Buy Happiness: The Question of Choice in Dreiser’s â€Å"The Second Choice† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They blended feminine perspective with a form of literature that became extremely popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: Realism. Feminine realism was so marketable that even male authors produced such writings. One such male author was Theodore Dreiser with his short story â€Å"The Second Choice. † Much can be inferred from this story, but mainly that while money can buy women’s happiness and the freedom to choose, true mobility and choice is something only accessible to rich, white men. The title of the work may give many readers the implication that Shirley, the protagonist, ultimately resigns to her fate and chooses Bart, her second choice for a mate. While that is a very valid interpretation, it certainly isn’t the only one. One reading into the title could suggest that Shirley is the second choice. Consider the opening pages of the story, which is Arthur’s, Shirley’s love, letter to Shirley. While Shirley is limited to her choices, Arthur has, and has made, many choices. He tells her, â€Å"But I’m too young to marry now. You know that, Shirley, don’t you? † He continues with, â€Å"Roxbaumthat’s my new employercame to me and wanted to know if I would like an assistant overseership in Java (p. 1). † Within one paragraph of a letter, Arthur has already made two choices! Furthermore, the fact that he has even penned this letter to Shirley all the way from Pittsburgh shows the mobility and free range that he has. Dreiser perhaps was reminding his audience (which was largely composed of immigrant and/or lower class women) that despite the fierce feminist movement that had gripped the nation, equality between men and women was still grossly imbalanced. In the span of about forty pages, Arthur easily moves from West Leigh (the adjoining suburb), to Shirley’s town, to Pittsburgh to Java. However, for Shirley, West Leigh is the furthest she travels in the story, and even then, she was invited by a friend. It is only through another person that Shirley is able to move from one place to another. Another reading into both the title and plot is the question about class. Anatomy already puts half of the population at a disadvantage in attaining mobility, but class can also be a major hinderance to the freedoms of choice. In the beginning of the story, Shirley muses, â€Å" her parents, her work, her daily shuttling to and fro between the drug company for which she worked and this street and housewas typical of her life and what she was destined to endure always. † She continues her lament by comparing herself to other â€Å"girls [who] were so much more fortunate. They had fine clothes, fine homes, a world of pleasure and opportunity in which to move (4). † Shirley is very conscious of her position as a â€Å"have not† and yearns for that â€Å"world of pleasure and opportunity in which to move. † It is with this passage in mind that raises the question: Is Shirley really in love with Arthur or is she simply drawn to the opportunity and world he represents? A compelling case can be made for both, however, the question nor answer are as important as the result. Due to her gender and class, she will not have the chance to find out. Her gender and class are parts of Shirley’s identity that restrict her from movement. The choices that such confining circumstances allow are so limited, Shirley might as well have no choice at all. She can marry Bart, marry someone else, or spend her life alone. None of these choices include Arthur, so none of them will make her happy. Through this short story, Dreiser is making a statement about the position of lower class women in the feminist movement. Feminism does not include someone of Shirley’s status and gender. This was a movement strictly for the higher classes. Besides this, perhaps Dreiser is making an even broader statement about the suffrage movement. Indeed the suffrage movement was largely composed of genteel women, but much like Shirley, the only chance at more freedom and choice for any woman in this country is still through a man. Women’s right to vote and the right to make more independent decisions for themselves still must be approved by a federal government run exclusively by men. Regardless of any choice that Shirley (women) could have made, Arthur (men) still have the greatest mobility. Dreiser probably neither praises or condemns the feminist movement, but rather reminds his readers to keep things in their proper perspective and not to allow themselves to be carried away quite so quickly. No matter class or gender, true freedom is still only reserved to rich, white males.

Why I Agree with the Libertarian Party Essay Example

Why I Agree with the Libertarian Party Essay Example Why I Agree with the Libertarian Party Essay Why I Agree with the Libertarian Party Essay Essay Topic: On Liberty We live in a nation founded on Liberty. The Purpose of the founding of the United States was to preserve the individual freedoms of its citizens while providing a fair governing body. Their slogan Minimum Government Maximum Freedom describes my exact feelings when dealing with how to run a country by Freedom. The Libertarian Party represents me because they believe in Minimum Government and Maximum Freedom. The Libertarian Party represents me because they believe in Minimum Government and Maximum Freedom. One issue that I agree with the Libertarian Party is when dealing with the economy. The party believes that a free market economy is the best, and want to do their best to support the individual rights of business entities such as corporations, cooperatives, and voluntary business entities. However, they do not believe in direct government involvement in the economy. Libertarians believe the government has no place subsidizing businesses or bailing them out. This also goes along with the belief that government has no place competing with private industry such as healthcare or education. Libertarians firmly believe that the job of the government in an economy is to combat fraud and to produce a trusted currency. Not only do they believe government should have minimal interference in the economy, Libertarians also think that government should stay out of Labor Markets. Libertarians beli eve that unions should be separated from the government, and that government should not be in charge of what is defined as a fair wage for work being done. Not only do I agree with the Libertarian Party in domestic economics I also agree with their standpoint on foreign issues. The Libertarian Party represents me because they believe in Minimum Government and Maximum Freedom. I agree with their standpoint on foreign policy in many different issues. One issue that I agree with them is that the United States should not be policing the world. Libertarians t

Emerging Trends in Health Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emerging Trends in Health Care - Term Paper Example As elucidated by Sena, adoption of technology in healthcare is one of the emerging trends affecting health care. Just like in any other industry, the use of technology is imperative in healthcare as healthcare organizations strive to align their services with their objectives of providing quality services to their clients. In essence, the use of technology has made the job of doctors and nurses easier and patients are able to access healthcare services more rapidly. A good example of how technology is used today in healthcare is electronic health records which improves efficiency of services. Doctors and physicians are therefore able to access patients' medical information in their computers by just a click. Secondly, according to Sena, individuals seeking treatment today are more involved in the provision of care. This can be attributed to the fact that the modern man is more sophisticated in terms of education. Therefore, people today tend to evaluate all available healthcare avenues in order to make an informed decision on the institution offering the best services. This has also been contributed by the fact that people are able to access information particularly through the internet. Consequently, people in the contemporary world can identify differences in terms of services, costs, as well as quality of services in different institutions as relevant information is available on the internet. The third emerging trend is closely linked to the current high spending in healthcare that has pushed up health insurance premiums.

Criminology & Criminal Justice BSc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Criminology & Criminal Justice BSc - Essay Example The ultimate result of this frustration will lead to withdrawal of co-operation by the victim (Department of Justice 2009, p. 4). Therefore, the co-operation is necessary for the effectiveness of criminal justice system to ensure that it will lead to punishing the offender. Ensuring the credentials of the victim as genuine, does not necessarily mean, will usurp the rights of defendants as enshrined in the fundamental rights. In 1994 rights of victims were neglected badly. This is not the first time in the history of UK when the Liberty has called for greater objectives. According to Zedner (2007), a study reveals no conflict between the rights of defendants and the rights of victims (p. 265). Fair and just trials are the essence of criminal justice system. In order to ensure fair prosecution and to avoid miscarriage of justice, it is incumbent upon the law enforcers to protect the rights of defendants. Review of the European Convention on Human Rights indicates limited protection for victims. It is the duty of the police to provide protection to individuals in general and youngsters in specific from breaching of personal integrity. Failure to protect the victim, the authorities concerned will be held responsible as per law (Zedner 2007, p. 274). It would be in the fitness of things if victims should have more rights than those reflected in the Convention. The charter of victim first come to surface in the year 1990 and revised in the year 1996 clearly defined the fundamental rights of every victim of crime (Shapland 2000, p. 82). By all means, it can be considered a revolutionary step in the legal history of the United Kingdom. The existing Charter fulfils the expectation of a victim. According to Shapland (2000), in case of dissatisfaction, it permits the victim to lodge his or her complaint to an appropriate authority (p 83). Of course, the Charter of Victim is a well thought out document to address the issues and the difficulties faced by the

An Investigation of the Recruitment and Selection Procedures

An Investigation of the Recruitment and Selection Procedures INTRODUCTION In any organization the most vital organ is human recourses. In the organizations effective functioning the employees play an important role. In the todays business atmosphere, the main challenge of the managers is the selection of the right candidate, then development of the candidate and the retention of the candidate in the organization. Human resources have the potential to take an organization to the sky of success. Human resource management is designed to improve the employees performance and effectiveness in the fulfillment of the aims of the organization. The recruitment of the effective, efficient and deserving candidates is very difficult task for the human resource department of the company. The human resource policy regulates the task of the recruitment in the organization. The recruitment process is based on the requirement of the organization. The human resource department should also be effective enough to recruit the capable candidates. This dissertation will explains the processes and procedures involved in the Selection and Recruitment in Tata Teleservices Ltd. (TATA Docomo). LITERATURE REVIEW The human resource department is responsible for the selection and recruitment of the effective, eligible and capable candidates for the organization. The decision of the human resource department to recruit one wrong candidate can prove fatal for the organization, in terms of money, time and reputation of the company. To avoid this mistake, the organizations have already developed the new methods and ways of selection and recruitments. There should be proper planning and proper policy for the selection of the candidates. Recruitment Recruitment involves the search and stimulation of the candidates to apply the vacancies in the organization. The increase in productivity, morale, wages, etc can be achieved with the proper planning of selection and recruitment process. As the recruitment process acts as the stimulant to the candidates to apply the vacancies in the organization, so it is regarded as the positive process. Sources of Recruitment There are two sources of recruitment Internal b) External Internal Sources The internal recruitment is the process of the identification of the potential candidates who are currently working in the organization who can fulfill the requirements of the new vacancies in the organization. In this the current employees are offered the new vacant positions, like promotion of the employee to the higher post which is vacant. This also boosts up the morale of the other employees and they also perform well to get the promotion to the higher post. There are internal advertisements for the information of the employees. External Sources The human resource departments of the organizations are dependent on the external sources. The main external sources are as follows: Information Commercials. It is the way to inform the potential candidates about the recruitment process through the print media like newspapers, magazines, journals, pamphlets, posters etc. these are also called as recruitment advertisements. These helps in spreading the information to millions of people at one time. The job seeking candidates responds to such advertisements very quickly. Employment Organizations. These are also the efficient source for the inflow of the capable candidates for the vacant posts in the organization. These employment agencies initially interviews the candidates, then if they are found fit for the vacant post only then they are referred to the recruiting organization. This makes the process of recruitment simpler for the organization as the organization need to deal with only capable persons. Generally, these recruitment organizations charge fees from the employer but sometimes they also charge from the candidates also. It depends on the organization to organization. Colleges and Universities. The process of recruitment of the candidates directly from the colleges and universities is known as the on campus recruitment drive. It is often executed whenever there is need of the professional qualified and technically sound candidates for the vacant posts. Referrals In this, the current employees forward the credentials of the candidates who are capable and eligible for the vacant posts in the organization. The employees are free to recommend the candidates for the vacant posts. This the effective method as company gets the necessary information regarding the capabilities of the candidates referred from the existing employees. This also increases the favoritism and it can lead in degrading the morale of the employees. Casual aspirants. There are the candidates who themselves visit the organization and drop their resumes in the organization. Whenever the posts are generated the organization also considers them. Labor Unions. There are some occupations which recruits the candidates referred by the labor unions, like maritime, hotels and construction companies. This source is chosen by the organization because it is the in-expensive method of recruitment. The Recruitment Procedure Whenever the vacancy is generated in the organization then the human resource department starts the process of recruitment. There are predefined steps in this process. in these steps the qualification and capabilities of the candidates is tested to find out whether they are eligible or not for the certain vacancy. Execute job analysis. With the generation of the new vacancy, it is necessary to know about the job and its requirements only then the human resource department can recruit the suitable candidates for that particular job. In this analysis the task and duties are identified which is required by the particular job. This process involves three steps: The environment analysis, where the man power will work; Determination and identification of the responsibilities and duties to be discharged. The identification of the tasks involved in the particular job. Job Description Designing It is the written document which houses the objectives, aims, the tasks, duties and responsibilities involved in the particular job, the requirements which are needed for the fulfillment of the objectives of the job. These written documents is helpful the suitable employee selection, in their training and orientation processes. It provides the directions to the new employees also. This job description helps the HR department and the employee both in the achievement of the desired tasks to fulfill the organizations goals. Development of the specifications of the particular job The job specifications and description both are necessary in understanding of the job. One the description is written then comes the specifications it includes that what kind of employee will be suitable for this particular job, what skills that employee should have in himself/herself. The education and technical skills needed to do the particular job. Attracting the applicants It is one of the important steps in the recruitment. The success in future can be determined by the attraction power of the organization which attracts the applicants to apply for a particular job in that organization. This attraction power is totally dependent on the recruitment sources adopted by the organization. SELECTION When the required number of applicants applies for the particular job, then the process of the selection of the right candidate begins. The selection process ensures that the best suitable candidates in terms of skills, education and experience should be chosen for the particular job. The selections main goal is to match the job requirements with the persons individual characteristics. The candidates selected in the selection process should be confident enough to meet the goals of the organization. Selection Method Selection method is the positive elimination process, which eliminates the candidates who are not suitable and eligible for the particular job. It means the job requirement does not match with individuals characteristics. This method should be designed to gather all the information about the candidates. The candidate is declared to be selected only if he/she qualifies all the steps involved in the selection process. It can be fatal for the organization if it chooses the wrong candidate for the particular job. The wrong selection attracts the increase in expenses, wastage of the time of organization. To avoid such situation the well planned process should be designed. The reception of the applicants, the different departments inform the human resource departments about vacancies to be filled in their department and inform them about the skills needed by the candidates to apply for these vacancies. When the department receives the applications from the candidates, then the process of selection is started. Preliminary/First Round Screening, In this step, the instant assessments of the applicants capabilities are judged by the human resource department employees. Here the candidates who do not meet the requirements of the job description are eliminated in this step. This is the candidates first interaction with the company. This step reduces the time of the selection process as the unsuitable candidates are shunted out in this and only eligible candidates are qualified for the next process. These interviews are of short durations. The human resources executives execute these interviews. Here the interviewers get the desired application forms filled from the candidates. This steps works on the mechanism of the filter, here the capable candidates are kept and rest is shunted out. Application Blank, The qualified candidates of the first steps enters the second step, here the candidates properly fill up the formal applications, these applications forms are specially made by the human resource executives to get the proper information about the candidates. The following fields are present in the application forms Identification information such as gender, name, fathers name, marital status, number of dependents, weight, height etc. Educational qualifications e.g., schooling, colleges, graduation, post graduation details, languages proficiency etc. Professional Experience. Status of health. Achievements and awards References Psychological factors e.g., salary expectation, previous job leaving reasons etc. Tests for the selection The tests for the selection are designed to get the quotient level of the candidates which cannot be assessed from the application forms. Some to tests for the selection are as follows:- Intelligence tests. An intelligence test explores alertness, comprehension and reasoning abilities of the applicants. Through these tests, managers can predict the future job performance of the applicant. Questions in intelligence tests are job-oriented, and abstract. Personality tests. These tests measure certain characteristics such as emotional maturity, sentiments, conflicts, ascendance, social ability, objectivity etc of a candidate. Whether a candidate is having a sick personality or healthy personality can be determined by these tests. Aptitude tests. It is very important to know as to whether the selected candidate will be capable of learning the job or not. Tests designed to measure the learning capacity of the candidates are known as aptitude tests. They measure whether an individual has the hidden ability to learn a given job, if he is given adequate training. Performance or work sample tests. Such tests are a means of measuring practical ability on a specific job. In performance or work sample tests, the applicant completes some job activity under structured conditions. For instance, a person who has applied for the post of a service representative may be asked to handle a stimulated situation involving a complaining customer. Although they can be costly if special facilities and equipment are needed, performance tests, when devised to closely reflect important aspects of the job, tend to be valid predictors of future performance. Dexterity tests. These tests aim to measure the swiftness with which the prospective employer can make use of various body parts e.g., ability to move hands, eyes etc. Sometimes due to nature of job, these tests become essential. Limitations Tests cannot be relied upon in isolation. Many qualifications and abilities of the candidates can be known at the time of interview or training. It is not possible to predict the success of the candidate on the basis of such tests. Tests have also a high margin of error through it is generally believed that the results are exact and accurate. Comprehensive Interview, A comprehensive interview or an in-depth interview is most delicate aspect of the selection procedure. The information about the candidate which cannot obtained from the application blank, tests and group discussion, may be secured easily if the interview is planned well in advance and is conducted by the interviewer tactfully. Checking References, An applicant may be asked in the application blank to supply two or more references Characteristic reference b) Experience Reference. These references provide information regarding the behaviour of the applicant. A notable limitation of the method is that it lacks standardisation and objectivity. It is natural in case of character reference to give names of references of only those persons who would always write favourably for the applicant. It is very rare to get a frank opinion about the candidate. The other sources to get information about the candidate are professors from whom candidate has studied, colleagues with whom candidate had worked. References may be checked by mail, telephone or a personal visit may be arranged. Approval by the Concerned Department, The candidate is then sent to the line manager for the approval. The personnel department cannot take a final decision regarding selection because the candidate has to actually work under the line managers who are directly responsible for the results of an organisation. At this stage, it is not in the interest of the company to reject the candidate. Instead he may be sent to some other departments. Physical Examination, Only those candidates should be selected who are physically fit. It may not be the last step in the selection process if physical as well as mental fitness is of utmost importance. Physical examinations are designed to ensure that the candidate can perform effectively in the position for which he or she is applying to protect other employees against contagious diseases, to establish a health record for the applicant and to protect the organization against unjust compensation claims. Making the Selection, The applicants who qualify in the selection test, interview, reference check and physical examination are now considered to be eligible to receive an offer of employment. Usually an appointment is made on probation in the beginning. The probation period may range from two months to two years. If the work and conduct of the employee is found satisfactory, he may be confirmed. It is also in the interest of the organization to prepare a waiting list and inform the candidates, in case a person does not join after being selected, the next person on the waiting list may be called. METHODOLOGY Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. The advanced learners dictionary of current English lays down the meaning of research as a careful investigation of enquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Research Design A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. JOHN.W.BEST Research may be defined as any organized inquiry designed and carried out to provide information for solving a problem. EMORY Research is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. ROBERT ROSS Descriptive Research Design Descriptive research design studies are those studies, which are concerned with describing the character of a group. The researcher makes a plan of the study his research work. That will enable the researcher to save and resources such a plan of study or blue print or study is called a research design. Data Collection The study was based on questionnaire method. The study was about the Recruitment and Selection System at Tata Teleservices Ltd. and find out the effectiveness of recruitment. There are two types of data collection: Primary data Secondary data Primary data The primary data are those, which are collected a fresh and for the first time happen to be original in character. It has been collected through a Questionnaire and personal interview. Secondary data Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the stratified process. It has collected through the manuals, journals Internet. CONCLUSION The Recruitment and Selection Process is one of the basic HR processes. Recruitment Selection is very sensitive as many managers have a need to hire a new employee and this process is always under a strict monitoring from their side. HR management is a part of every managers responsibilities. These responsibilities include placing the right person in the right job, and then orienting, training, and compensating to improve his or her job performance. Tata Teleservices uses two sources of recruitment internal and external source. But they prefer internal source because it gives opportunity to employees within the organization. After recruitment Selection process takes place. This entails establishing the best fit between job requirements and the candidates profile. Selection process includes screening, interview and various tests. Then offer is made to the candidate if he/she accepts it employee undergone through various pre- employment activities like reference check, medical tests, etc. It is imperative to have an efficient and responsive tracking mechanism to evaluate the impact of recruitment on the topline and bottomline. Metrics not only help in evaluating the robustness of internal processes but also provide inputs on customer satisfaction and vendor evaluation parameters. Various metrics like quality metrics, time metrics, cost metrics Review process is used to find out the effectiveness of recruitment processes. TIMESCALE FOR DISSERTATION Task Start Date End Date Title, aim, objectives Done Done Literature Review Questionnaire Preparation Distribution, interviews Data Collection Data Analysis Conclusion References

Analysis of Howard Carter’s Diaries

Tahirih Osborne 11. 16. 11 HHIS 101 Jeff Bibbee Tutankhamen: Anatomy of an Excavation. Howard Carter's diaries. The first excavation season in the tomb of Tutankhamen. Part 1: October 28 to December 31, 1922  © Griffith Institute, Oxford OX1 2LG Otter Box This document provides an in-depth description of Howard Carter's initial discovery of the ante-chamber to King Tutankhamen's tomb. November 26th describes the discovery of an unidentified room filled with artifacts, while November 27th describes the initial excavation of this room and identifying it as Tutankhamen's tomb.Howard Carter's passion for Egypt and archeology is prominent in his careful description of the excavation of this tomb. While written in a diary format, it is obvious that he intends to later share his findings with his academic community (which was indeed later published. ) His use of exacting language and in-depth description of what he experiences, down to a laundry list of items the ante-chamber contains, is included for those scholastically inclined, but his personal awe still shows through. Howard Carter was a dedicated egyptologist, and this excavation became the hallmark of his career.Discovering Tutankhamen's tomb was an explosion to the Egyptology community. With only two minor robberies to its name (thought to have happened shortly after the paraoh's death), the tomb stood as a virtual time capsule. No other tomb is thought to be as complete. This gives a very good insight into the climate of the period. Having such a number and range of artifacts from the same time period allows scholars to draw conclusions about everything from the religious practices of the period, to the way furniture was made, and to make guesses about the wealth of the pharaoh and of Egypt itself.These artifacts went on to be some of the most-exhibited and well known works of art from the period, and are now synonymous with one's mental image of Egypt. What is perhaps most overlooked and most interesting a bout Howard Carter's recordings is his care during excavation. Each detail of each piece was put down to paper. Carter's meticulous record keeping and care of individual pieces meant that the tomb took nearly ten years to fully excavate, document, and transfer. Despite onstant media coverage of the excavation, Carter only permitted a single reporter to visit the site. Carter was obsessed with keeping the excavation complete, and unharmed, and the exacting nature of his proceedings made it so. Though Egyptomania had already begun spreading with the discovery of Queen Nefertiti's bust in 1912, it was largely Tutankhamen's tomb that was responsible for the obsession's peak in the 1920s. During and after full excavation and documentation, Howard Carter published his diary into three volumes, in 1923-1933.They quickly became best-sellers, and, along with the artifacts being put on exhibition, started to influence pop culture. Egyptian art influenced jewelry, clothing, architecture, and w as a big part of the art deco movement. Women became obsessed with dressing and looking like Cleopatra, and hotels, restaurants, and theaters all decorated their buildings with pyramids and hieroglyphs. Even literature took a page out of Egypt's book, with tales of African adventure becoming best-sellers, and most memorably, Agatha Christie writing her seminal mystery A Death on the Nile.Egyptomania still has currency. For instance, look at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which 1978 began to resurrect the Temple of Dendur. See also the Louvre, which in 1989 built its own glass pyramid. And in 1993, Luxor Las Vegas opened, a multi-million dollar casino built thirty stories high in black glass to resemble the pyramids of Giza, with its own replica tomb of Tutankhamen. Songs like the Bangles' â€Å"Walk Like an Egyptian† play through the heads of the masses, and Liz Taylor's Cleopatra has become a cult favorite.Egyptomania has even descended to such depths as to remake Boris Kar loff's The Mummy, with parts one, two, and three. Few other events have infiltrated the public conscious the way the discovery of King Tut's tomb has. One clear example in my life has been the events of September 11th, 2001. If the side effects of Tutankhamen's discovery has infected us for one hundred years, 9/11 will surely do the same. The consequences of that attack are part of my daily life, and it is difficult for me to think of a time when it wasn't.Instead of Egyptomania, there is now terrorist-mania. Since the plane crash at the World Trade Center, our public and private image has changed completely. A whole new department was created by excutive authority- the Department of Homeland Security. Instead of going from check-in to boarding the plane in thirty minutes, airport security takes hours because of high intensity screening. People are no longer free to enter and exit public buildings, most especially governmental buildings.The attacks spurred a rise in hyperpatriotism and a social climate that is dependent on â€Å"being an American. † Immigration has been tightened down until it is almost impossible for some people to enter the US. Arabs especially are discriminated against because of the percieved terrorist threat by the Muslim fringe. Strangers no longer smile at each other on the streets. The American obsession with terrorism has even led to acts such as the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and the passing of the Patriot Act, which allows warrant free wire-tapping of suspected terrorists.Americans have been giving up their civil liberties to feel safe, arguably without any increase in safety at all. Instead of opening the paper and reading fantastic stories about the discovery of ancient tombs and grand exhibitions, we open the paper and read yet another story about a dictator being ousted or a terrorist being taken down. While Egyptomania was a postive cultural phenomenon, we are now living in an entirely different world of war and strife c aused by an attack that our country can never let go of.

Liberal Democracy vs Social Democracy Essay

Abstract The essay to follow will discuss what is meant by liberal democracy. The term will be defined and further discussed. In addition, it will be contrasted with that of a socialist democracy. This democratic system will be defined in political terms with reference to valid examples as too will liberal democracy. The following essay is based on a contrast between liberal and socialist democracy from a political perspective. An analysis of the terms, concepts and the question will then follow. In addition, reference will be made to current examples such as that of the USA, Great Britain, and Chile as evidence for each type of democracy that is being examined. Furthermore, key issues that will be discussed in this paper consist of democracy as a whole, negative and positive freedom within a liberal democracy, and the failure of socialism in the third world. Furthermore this essay will prove that Sweden is not a socialist democracy. In order to contrast liberal and socialist democracy one must first hold an understanding of what each term means. In order to go about understanding these terms, it is important to first understand what democracy. In simple terms, democracy can be defined as the rule of the people. A democracy is about the people who come together to decide on laws. And according to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address of 1863, democracy links government to the people as he stated that democracy is a â€Å"government of the people, by the people, and for the people† (Heywood, 2014). Universal suffrage plays a role in deciding these laws. This term is understood as the right of almost all adults to vote in political elections. Depending on the country, there are different requirements which have to be fulfilled. In the Philippines, citizens have to be at least eighteen years of age, and have to have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the region wherein they wish to vote, for at least six months prior to the election (Castillo, 2011). There is not always collective decision-making within every democracy. Zimbabwe for one claims to be a â€Å"democracy† based on the will of the people with a leader who claims to a monopoly of ideological wisdom but there isn’t collective decision making. Whereas it really is a totalitarian democracy in which there is absolute dictatorship that pretends to be a democracy. Also here, which is a republic version of democracy, where you elect representatives to make decisions on your behalf. The scope of a democracy defines what should fall under the sovereignty of life, and divides the liberals from the socialists. Heywood (2013) states that liberalism is â€Å"the ideology of the industrialized West†. By this Heywood means that liberalism is a classical ideology that supports social progression and the changing of laws through reform rather than through a revolution. The individual is the primary focus of liberalism, not of revolution. Consequently we can understand liberal democracy as a modern form of governance that denies that popular rule is the ultimate political rule. Leaders are elected by the collective to govern the entity on behalf of the community. In South Africa not all leaders declare voted for by the collective due to the fact that there are provisional elections that are only open to those citizens residing in that province, such as you could not vote in Cape Town if you live in Gauteng. But you choose to vote for an overall party during the ele ctions based on the rule of the law and therefore the election is free and fair (Yufo, 2008). Great Britain is an example of a state which has a liberal democracy even though it is also a monarchy (Evolution News, 2014). It is considered a laissez-faire liberalism in that the Government are free to do as they choose for up to 5 years before the next free and fair democratic election The British declaration political settlement of 1688 is evidence that Great Britain became the first liberal state in 1614. Another liberal democratic state is the United States of America according to the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 as freedoms such as that of thought, speech, association and religion are all basic liberties that take priority over popular rule (Gutmann, 1993). Liberal freedom within this democracy is a characteristic of negative freedom as individuals are equally free and protected from collective decisions. Negative freedom has no external constraints on the individual or the collective due to the freedoms available to them and the fact that there is no interference in decision-making and a lack of forces which prevent individuals from doing as they please. Although in South Africa, government has implemented the â€Å"Secrecy Bill†. This bill is somewhat a farewell to democracy, as the freedom of speech is no longer a right, as both citizens and the media have been censored by government. The purpose of the secrecy bill is to protect state information (SABC, 2013) and many people would argue that this silencing is due to the self-interest of politicians that are involved in activities such as corruption. Laws such as this contradict democratic freedoms such as that of speech. Positive freedom can be defined as having some control over your decisions. This is an autonomous state which gives you as the individual an education for example in order for you to reach your full potential. The government also provides grants and subsidies to assist individuals in achieving this potential. The formation of free and compulsory education, public health systems limit the freedom of the capitalists to exploit workers, but give worker the opp ortunity to develop as human beings. Positive freedom has been built up due to the struggle of the working class which in which the legislation limited the hours of work per day, per person and abolished child labor (Marxist, 2014). In the words of J.S Mill â€Å"the only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way† and this is exactly what Liberal democracy aims at achieving as American and Great Britain citizens have individual and property rights which are both a principle of classical liberalism (Heywood, 2014, p32). Socialist democracy in essence is a modern version of socialism. All these notions were integrated but there are small distinctions between them. Social democracy takes some of its principles from socialism such as free enterprise and the focus on societal framework. Whereas capitalism, private enterprise and maximization of life opportunities are more democracy than socialism. In theory South Africa is an example of democracy as the constitution states that RDP housing is provided by government (Rabbani, 1994), due to the fact that government provide grants and education in order to correct the ills of Apartheid. Socialism, by definition, is a system marked by the â€Å"common ownership of the means of production (Legon, 2013). Having said so, we can simply understand it is a democracy that uses socialist reforms in their referendum. It is pivotal to make this distinction between socialism and socialist democracy as they are not the same concept and often the two terms are confused. A social democracy is a government that uses democratic process but also consists of characteristics that resemble those of a socialist society as mentioned in the above. Social democrats generally are committed to acting for the common good. In a government that is a social democracy, the government plays an active role in regulating certain political and economic conditions (Jablonsky, 2014). A socialist democracy is a Marxist organisation which believes that the poverty and misery and the oppression and exploitation that marks their society is the result of control of the world’s wealth and productive resources by a tiny class that exploits the vast majority of society. This leads to humanity crippled by the reality an d ideology of capitalist society. In the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam and Eastern Europe socialist democracy is the dominant system. The trouble of the people in liberal democratic countries is not as wretched as it is in socialist countries, due to the fact that in communist countries, political and economic system are imposed on society by party officials therefore resulting in untold human suffering and severe psycho-economic exploitation. Both liberal democracy and socialist democracy may be considered forms of political democracy because these systems are based on economic and political centralization (Evolution news, 2014). Many would argue that socialism has failed and that the Cuban economy is a disaster and when Cuba found itself caught in disagreement therefore facing both the merciless US blockade and enduring the suspension of all trade with the former members of the socialist bloc–, leaders of the Cuban revolution told the people: â€Å"either we stand our ground or we lose everything we have ach ieved under socialism† (Legon, 2013). This brings us to discuss the failure of socialist democracy in third world countries. This democracy promised prosperity, equality and security. Yet it is evident that it rather delivered poverty, misery and autocracy. Equality was achieved only in the sense that everyone was equal in his or her misery. Socialism is now a bankrupt, discredited, and flawed nineteenth century theory that has failed miserably in countries around the world (Perry, 2014). We can agree that Socialism has collapsed because of its failure to operate under a competitive, profit- and-loss system of bookkeeping. A profit system is a very effective monitoring tool which frequently assesses the economic performance of every enterprise (Perry, 2014). The firms that are the most efficient and most successful at serving the public interest are rewarded with profits. Evidence of a socialist democracy can be seen in Chile as their changeover to democracy has still not been achieved. After a decade of non-combatant rule, the state remains under the military dictatorship’s 1980 constitution. According to the writings of Alejandro Reuss â€Å"The president has made sure to not aggravate the still-powerful Armed Forces. He has insisted that his relations with the Armed Forces are â€Å"excellent and that they can work together for Chile†. The Chilean Socialist leader Ricardo Lagos has declared that Chileans should stop worrying about the past, concentra ting instead on their future together (Reuss, 2001). The above clearly proves that socialism has failed in the third world. The question of whether Sweden is or is not a socialist democracy has risen many times before in the past within the left internationally, with regards to the politics and economy of the Nordic state or if Sweden is an alternative to neo-liberal capitalism (Olsson, 2009). Sweden has never been a socialist society as it is based merely on public ownership of production, workers’ control and management, social equality and a democratic plan of production which are characteristics of a socialist entity according to Olsson (2009). Neither has Sweden been a ‘mixed economy’. In fact it is one of the most well off country’s to date. It is evident that the social democrats and the trade union movement in Sweden are â€Å"facing a historic crisis as they have lost roots, influence and support, with no prospect of regaining their old ground as their policy and methods mean further attacks on what is left of the general welfare system. The social democratic party has become an empty shell† (Olsson, 2009) but that doesn’t change the fact that Sweden is not a socialist democracy. In conclusion, there is a major contrast between liberal democracy and social democracy. Evidently a liberalist democracy is built on the foundations of organic social solidarity with private ownership of production, empirical (demonstrable, verifiable reasoning), scientific, reflective and constructivism. The pursuit of the greatest possible welfare for all is a major view of liberal democracy. It considers the State as an association like any other, generally managed no better and no more efficient than others and wishes the abolition of all monopolies as well as the disappearance of classes and that there should be no more proletariats (Lesigne, 1887). Liberals wish to leave each in possession of its own and desires everybody to be a proprietor. The latter promises liberty and makes the State the employee of the citizen. Whereas socialist democracy is based on collective ownership of the means of production, political restrictions, and is dogmatic, meaning that the government is i nclined to lay down principles as undeniably true as well as being destructive. Socialist democracy wishes for the governed class to become the governing class and that that there should be none but proletariats. The most obvious distinction is that socialist democracy wishes to take everything and all positions away from everyone and impound them (Lesigne, 1887). The greatest contrast between both democracies is that liberal democracy is the future, while socialist democracy is the past. Bibliography 1.Gutmann, A (1993). a companion to contemporary political philosophy. 2nd ed. Australia: Blackwell Publishing. p413. 2.Heywood, A. (2013). Political Ideas and Ideologies. In: Heywood, A Politics. 4th ed. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. 31, 32. 3.Kuttner,R. (2005). Liberalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Available: http://prospect.org/article/liberalism-socialism-and-democracy. Last accessed 13 March 2014. 4.Legon E D. (2013). Cuba and the Alleged Failure of Socialism. Available: http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=99148. Last accessed 17 March 2014. 5.Lesigne, E (1887). Liberty V. p5. 6.Olsson, P. (2009). Sweden Is Sweden Socialist?. Available: http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/3752. Last accessed 15 March 2014. 7.Perry, M. (2014). Why Socialism Failed. Available: http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~mjperry/socialism.htm. Last accessed 15 March 2014. 8.Rabbani, F. (1994). SA: ANC’S RECONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT PLAN. Available: http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Govern_Political/ANC_Recon.html. Last accessed 16 March 2014. 9.Reuss, A. (2001). Thirty Years of Chilean Socialism. Available: http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/South_America/30Years_ChileanSocialism.html. Last accessed 15 March 2014. 10.SABC. (2013). National Assembly approves Info Bill. Available: http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/8612bb8041cd7c3e8bd9cb5393638296/National-Assembly-approves-Info-Bill-20131211. Last accessed 16 March 2014. 11.Unknown. (2009). Political Liberalism. Available: http://www.123helpme.com/preview.asp?id=74492. Last accessed 13 March 2014. 12.Unknown. (2014). Liberal Democracy. Available: http://evolutionnews.co.nz/liberal-democracy/. Last accessed 16 March 2014. Unknown. (1688). Bill of Rights [1688]. Available: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/WillandMarSess2/1/2/introduction. Last accessed 17 March 2014. 13.Unknown. (1776). The Declaration of Independence. Available: http://www.ushistory.org/DECLARATION/DOCUMENT/index.htm. Last accessed 17 March 2014 14.Unknown. (2014). Glossary of terms : FR. Available: http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/f/r.htm. Last accessed 16 March 2014. 15.Yufo. (2008). http://www.studymode.com/essays/Liberal-Democracy-140567.html?utm_campaign=transactionalEmail&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_medium=email. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Liberal-Democracy-140567.html?utm_campaign=transactionalEmail&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_medium=email. Last accessed 17 March 2014.

Spindle Whorls Ancient Tools for Weavers

A spindle whorl is one of several tools used by textile producers, and it is an artifact that is just about as universal in form as we humans make. A spindle whorl is a disk-shaped object with a hole in the center, and it is used in the ancient art of making cloth. The presence of a spindle whorl on an archaeological site is an indication of the technological advance of textile production called spinning. Spinning is the process of creating cords, yarn or thread from raw plant, animal, and even metal fibers. The resulting yarn can then be woven into cloth and other textiles, producing clothing, blankets, tents, shoes: an entire range of woven materials that make our human lives supportable. Spindle whorls are not necessary for making cords or threads, although they vastly improve the process, and they appear in the archaeological record during the Neolithic period worldwide at various times (the Neolithic package including agriculture and other complexities appeared in different places at different times around the world). The earliest example I found in the literature is from the north Chinese Middle to Late Neolithic, ca 3000-6000 BP. Ethnographic Spinning Types Anthropologists have defined three basic types of spinning which use spindle whorls. Drop-spinning or free-spindle: the spinner walks or stands as she spinsSupported or stationary spinning: the spinner is seated and the spindle is supported in a bowl or other containerThigh spinning: the spinner is seated and the spindle is rolled between the thigh and the palm of the hand Spindle Whorl Process In spinning, a weaver builds a spindle by inserting a wooden dowel through the hole in a spindle whorl. The raw fibers of plants or animal wool (called roving) are attached to the dowel, and the spindle is then made to rotate, in a clockwise or counterclockwise fashion, twisting and compressing the fibers as it collects them on top of the whorl. If the spindle is rotated clockwise, the yarn produced has a Z-shaped pattern to the twist; if rotated counterclockwise, an S-shaped pattern is created. You can create cords by hand-twisting the fiber, without the use of spindle whorls. The earliest fiber manipulation is from Dzudzuana Cave in the Republic of Georgia, where several twisted flax fibers were found dated to ~30,000 years ago. Additionally, some of the earliest evidence of cord-production exists in the form of cord-decorations on pottery. Some of the earliest forms of pottery are from the Japanese hunter-gatherer culture called Jomon, which means cord-marked: that refers to the impressions of twisted cords on ceramic vessels. Cord-decorated sherds of the Jomon date to 13,000 years ago: no evidence of spindle whorls were found at Jomon sites (or at Dzuduana Cave) and it is assumed that these cords were hand-twisted. But spinning raw fiber with a whorl produces both a consistent twist direction  and a consistent yarn thickness. In addition, spinning yarn with a weighted spindle produces smaller diameter cords, faster and more efficiently than hand-spinning, and thus it is considered a technological step forward in the process. Spindle Whorl Characteristics By definition, a spindle whorl is simple: a disk with a central perforation. Whorls can be made of pottery, stone, wood, ivory: nearly any raw material will work well. The weight of the whorl is what determines the speed and force of the spin, and so larger, heavier whorls are typically used for materials that have long fibers. The diameter of the whorl determines how many twists will occur in a specific length of the cord during each twirl of the spindle. A smaller whorl moves faster and the type of fiber determines how fast the spinning should go: rabbit fur, for example, needs to spin quickly, but the thicker, coarser materials, such as maguey, need to spin relatively slowly. A study reported on a postclassic Aztec site in Mexico (Smith and Hirth) indicated that whorls likely associated with cotton production were significantly smaller (under 18 grams [.6 ounces] in weight) and had smooth surfaces, while those associated with maguey cloth production weighed over 34 gm (1.2 oz) and were decorated with incised or mold-impressed designs. However, the results of an experiment involving replications of bottom whorl drop spindles were reported by Kania (2013) and they seem to reject the size analysis above. Fourteen spinners with variable amounts of spinning experience used five differently weighted and sized replica spindle whorls based on medieval European types to produce yarn. The results suggested that the differences in yarn grist and thickness produced by the spinners are not due to spindle mass, but rather individual spinning styles. Making Cloth Spindle whorls are only a small part of the process of making cloth, which begins with raw material selection and preparation (ginning) and ends with the use of a wide variety of looms. But the role of the spindle whorl in quickly producing consistent, thin and strong cordage cannot be under-estimated: and their near-ubiquity in archaeological sites all over the world is a measure of their importance in technological issues. In addition, the importance of spinning, the production of cloth and the role of the spinner in a community were a crucial one in ancient societies. Evidence of the centrality of the spinner and the objects she created to make spinning possible is discussed in the seminal work by Brumfiel (2007) which is strongly recommended. Another important work about spindle whorls is the typology constructed by Mary Hrones Parsons (1972). Sources Alt S. 1999.  Spindle whorls and fiber production at Early Cahokian Settlements.  Southeastern Archaeology  18(2):124-134.Ardren T, Manahan TK, Wesp JK, and Alonso A. 2010.  Cloth production and economic intensification in the area surrounding Chichen Itza.  Latin  American Antiquity  21(3):274-289.Beaudry-Corbett M, and McCafferty SD. 2002. Spindle whorls: Household specialization at Ceren. In: Ardren T, editor.  Ancient Maya Women. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. p 52-67.Bouchaud C, Tengberg M, and Dal Prà   P. 2011.  Cotton cultivation and textile production in the Arabian Peninsula during antiquity; the evidence from Madà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢in Sà ¢lih (Saudi Arabia) and Qal’at al-Bahrain (Bahrain).  Vegetation History and Archaeobotany  20(5):405-417.Brite EB, and Marston JM. 2013.  Environmental change, agricultural innovation, and the spread of cotton agriculture in the Old World.  Journal of Anthropological Archaeology  32(1):39-53.Brumfiel EM. 19 96.  The quality of tribute cloth: The place of evidence in   American Antiquity  61(3):453-462.archaeological argument.Brumfiel EM. 2007. Solar disks and solar cycles: Spindle whorls and the dawn of solar art in postclassic Mexico.  Treballs dArqueologia  13:91-113.Cameron J. 2011.  Iron and cloth across the Bay of Bengal: new data from Tha Kae, central Thailand.  Antiquity  85(328):559-567.Good I. 2001.  ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTILES: A Review of Current Research.  Annual Review of Anthropology  30(1):209-226.Kania K. 2013.  Soft yarns, hard facts? Evaluating the results of a large-scale hand-spinning experiment.  Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences  (December 2013):1-18.Kuzmin YV, Keally CT, Jull AJT, Burr GS, and Klyuev NA. 2012.  The earliest surviving textiles in East Asia from Chertovy Vorota Cave, Primorye Province, Russian Far East.  Antiquity  86(332):325-337.Meyers GE. 2013.  Women and the Production of Ceremonial Textiles: A Reevalua tion of Ceramic Textile Tools in Etrusco-Italic Sanctuaries.  American Journal of Archaeology  117(2):247-274.Parsons MH. 1972.  Spindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico.  Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.Parsons MH. 1975.  The Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico.  American Antiquity  40(2):207-215.Stark BL, Heller L, and Ohnersorgen MA. 1998.  People with Cloth: Mesoamerican Economic Change from the Perspective of Cotton in South-Central Veracruz.  Latin American Antiquity  9(1):7-36.